Project Management Of Solar Photovoltaic Power Plant Project Construction Essay

Project Management Of Solar Photovoltaic Power Plant Project Construction Essay Solar photovoltaic cells convert sunlight into electricity and many solar photovoltaic power stations have been built, mainly in Europe. As of September 2010, the largest photovoltaic (PV) power plants in the world are the Sarnia Photovoltaic Power Plant (Canada, 80 MW), Olmedilla Photovoltaic Park (Spain, 60  MW), the Strasskirchen Solar Park (Germany, 54  MW), the Lieberose Photovoltaic Park (Germany, 53  MW), the Puertollano Photovoltaic Park (Spain, 50  MW), the Moura Photovoltaic Power Station (Portugal, 46  MW), and the Waldpolenz Solar Park (Germany, 40  MW).[1] This proposal is for setting up a 50 MW (10 MW x 5 Phases) capacity solar photovoltaic power plant based on latest High Power Modules using cells consisting of Multi-Crystalline Silicon Technology / Tandem Junction Thin Film Technology, which has been successfully developed for commercial implementation and has been delivering reliable power generation around the world for some years now. The solar photovoltaic power project is proposed to be set up in Jodhpur district of Rajasthan, India which is one of the best suited locations in terms of higher annual direct normal insolation (DNI), favourable climatic conditions and land availability Some photovoltaic power stations which are presently proposed will have a capacity of 150  MW or more. Many of these plants are integrated with agriculture and some use innovative tracking systems that follow the suns daily path across the sky to generate more electricity than conventional fixed-mounted systems. There are no fuel costs or emissions during operation of the power stations. AIM This proposal examines the techniques of project management used in development of a solar photovoltaic power plant Project. The background of the project will be described including its planning, Execution, Operation Maintenance and Financial analysis a project; critical success factors for the project implementation are identified presenting an overview of project structure, methods, risks, etc. Objectives The objectives for the project are the successful completion of solar photovoltaic power plant, on budget, on time and safely. The objectives are also to develop world class project management best practices within the solar industry. Research Methodology The PMBOK Guide states that projects are composed of two kinds of process: project management processes and product-oriented processes (which specify and create the project product). Project management processes are further divided into initiating, planning, execution, controlling and closing processes. This proposal mainly concentrates on the core processes of planning, execution and controlling. The project management process groups depicted in figure 1 are initiating, planning, executing, monitoring and controlling, and closing. Initiating defines and authorizes the project or a project phase. Planning defines and refines objectives and plans the course of action required to attain the objectives and scope that the project was undertaken to address. Executing integrates people and other resources to carry out the project management plan for the project. Monitoring and controlling regularly measures and monitors progress to identify variances from the project management plan so that corrective action can be taken when necessary to meet project objectives. Closing formalizes acceptance of the product, service, or result and brings the project or a project phase to an orderly end. Figure illustrates the relative depth, breadth, and interrelationship between these process groups. Planning Planning in organizations constitutes both the organizational process of creating and maintaining a plan; and the psychological process of thinking about the activities required to create a desired goal on some scale. As such, it is a fundamental property of intelligent behaviour. This thought process is essential to the creation and refinement of a plan or integration of it with other plans. It combines forecasting of developments with the preparation of scenarios of how to react to them. An important albeit often ignored aspect of planning, is the relationship it holds with forecasting. Forecasting can be described as predicting what the future will look like, whereas planning predicts what the future should look like. The above scenario is often used to describe the formal procedures used in the creation of documents, endeavour, diagrams, meetings to discuss the important issues to be addressed, objectives to be met and the strategy to be followed. Beyond this planning has a different meaning depending on the political or economic context in which it is used. Executing consists of the process used to complete the work defined in the project management plan to accomplish the projects requirements. Execution process involves coordinating people and resources as well as integrating and performing the activities of the project in accordance with the project management plan. The deliverables are produced as outputs from the processes performed as defined in the project management plan. This must be done in an integrated manner at regular intervals, not in a haphazard, arbitrary way. Any significant departures from the budget and the schedule must be reported immediately, because these anomalies affect the viability and the success of the entire project. This will lead to adapting the project schedule, budget and/or work plan as necessary to keep the project on track. The project progress and changes must be documented and communicated to the team members in a consistent, reliable and appropriate manner for each level of the project team. The proposed plant shall comprise High Power Modules using cells consisting of Multi-Crystalline Silicon Technology / Tandem Junction Thin Film Technology. Efficiency is varying from 6% 18%. Temperatures beyond 25oC have nominal effect on the efficiency of the modules. White Tempered Glass, EVA Resin and weather proof film along with Al frame is used for extended outdoor use. Lead wire with weather proof connector shall be used for output terminal. Both the technologies are standalone type which needs no external power or water source and hence is most appropriate for desert region of Rajasthan. Small amount of processed water or compressed air is required only for cleaning of the system. The 89 pet watts of sunlight reaching the Earths surface is plentiful almost 6,000 times more than the 15 terawatts equivalent of average power consumed by humans. Additionally, solar electric generation has the highest power density (global mean of 170 W/m ²) among renewable energies. Solar power is pollution-free during use. Production end-wastes and emissions are manageable using existing pollution controls. End-of-use recycling technologies are under development. PV installations can operate for many years with little maintenance or intervention after their initial set-up, so after the initial capital cost of building any solar power plant, operating costs are extremely low compared to existing power technologies. Solar electric generation is economically superior where grid connection or fuel transport is difficult, costly or impossible. Long-standing examples include satellites, island communities, remote locations and ocean vessels. When grid-connected, solar electric generation replaces some or all of the highest-cost electricity used during times of peak demand (in most climatic regions). This can reduce grid loading, and can eliminate the need for local battery power to provide for use in times of darkness. These features are enabled by net metering. Time-of-use net metering can be highly favourable, but requires newer electronic metering, which may still be impractical for some users.

Nursing-Sensitive Indicators Essay

The structure, processes, and outcome factors of nursing care are reflected in Nursing-Sensitive Indicators (NSIs). There are several things that the nurses in the provided scenario could have done to promote quality patient care. By being aware of restraint use as an NSI the hospital staff would be more likely to increase their focus and attention to its need and any development of complications. This increased focus and attention could have led to the development of educational opportunities for the hospital staff on the identification of pressure ulcer related complications. Had the nurse and nursing supervisor been aware of patient/family/caregiver satisfaction as an NSI they may have reacted differently in the situation. According to the physician in the scenario, there have been multiple complaints by Jewish patients about the disregard for their dietary requests. Having this data and information available can aid in developing and educational session for hospital staff includi ng dietary workers, nurses, and certified nursing assistants about the importance of respecting patient’s cultural requests. It is possible that some of the problems identified in the scenario were a related to the structure of the system and a result of inadequate staffing, educational, or experience levels. Being able to collect data on these NSIs can aid in identifying issues within this organization structure and make appropriate changes to ensure better quality patient care outcomes. For example, some issues may be related to there not being an adequate number of nursing on the unit. Collecting relevant data would help to identify this as an issue, possibly a recurring issue, which would lead to the assigning of more nurses to that particular unit. Quality Patient Care Nursing-sensitive indicators can provide data to help identify needs and diminish risks. Part of the reason why nursing-sensitive indicators are used is to be able to make changes and adjustments to policies and procedures of  a hospital, if necessary. Quality patient care can be advanced in this situation by collecting data on specific nursing-sensitive indicators. Data on the prevalence of restraint use and consequential complications (e.g. pressure ulcers, contractions, anxiety, incontinence, and other complications) can aid in maintaining awareness of risks and allowing the nurse to take proper steps to limit their occurrence. Data on patient/family/caregiver satisfaction can help illustrate whether the quantity and quality of nursing care needs to be improved. Data on nursing satisfaction and staffing can help to assess whether changes need to be made to staffing numbers, whether more experienced nurses are needed, whether more educational opportunities are need for the hospital staff, for example. System Resources, Referrals, or Colleagues There are a few ethical issues that in the provided scenario which need addressing from the nursing shift supervisor. The first occurs when the Certified Nursing Assistant (CNA) fails to appropriately address the possibility of a developing pressure ulcer. A wound care team can be consulted about developing an educational program about pressure ulcers for hospital staff. Also, there is the issue of restraints. The ordering physician should be contacted about the necessity of restraint use. Along with the wound care team, data could be collected about the use of restraints and the subsequent development of pressure ulcers. In the scenario, the patient was not served a â€Å"kosher† diet as the order indicated. The physician could be contacted to illicit more information about the several dietary complaints. The hospital administrator can, also, be contacted to inquire about any other dietary complaints before contacting the kitchen supervisor. The hospital ethics committee is a valuable resource when a need for education arises. The daughter was not told of the dietary mistake and was later inadvertently informed by a dietary worker. Members of the Ethics committee may be able to conduct an educational session for hospital workers about being patient advocates.

Facts, Fiction and Essay Samples about Green Marketing

Facts, Fiction and Essay Samples about Green Marketing The Definitive Strategy to Essay Samples about Green Marketing In case the business is attempting to get to the maximum quantity of individuals, then using social media makes the most sense. It's recognized among the crucial tool which every business is utilizing in some manner or the other. This is no more an intriguing advertising technique, instead the requirement of the hour today. Moreover, cost reduction and revenue growth has to be the two important elements to be considered at each stage of the strategy formulation. How to Find Essay Samples about Green Marketing on the Web If an organization is tasked with deciding how they need to begin a new publicity campaign, they will need to ask themselves some important questions first. By knowing this, it can make an appropriate decision on which form of media they want to use for their publicity campaign. The houses have to create alternate mode to satisfy the demand of the clients by using green selling. Most houses have begun utilizing sustainable development model that's called green selling and the majority of the worldwide organisations have acknowledged green merchandises that are environmental friendly. Going green with your marketing is simpler than you believe. In addition, the area of marketing is well-established in the united kingdom, and as a consequence, it's an acceptable setting for advanced training within this area. Green marketing calls for a holistic strategy. Get in touch with the SimplyCast sales team to find out more about our internet marketing solution and try green advertising ads today! Since all item production requires the use of energy and the creation of some sum of waste, any firm could potentially take part in green improvements and marketing. The business will utilize a price deal sale strategy by lessening the price for those services supplied by 20 percent for the initial fifty clients. By way of exam ple, higher-priced green products aren't very likely to sell well in Walmart stores, where the typical customer has only $65 dollars each week for groceries. Likewise, internet shopping offers many consumers, like the elderly and disabled, the chance to compare and get products that otherwise wouldn't be possible to do by the standard ways. In these contemporary times, companies have many possibilities for reaching out to the public to inform them about a specific product or service provided by their various organization. Quite a few recent surveys have indicated that global organizations are introducing green merchandise and services at a higher rate in order to stabilize their profitability. Studies show that most of customers are influenced by means of a brand's coloring when deciding whether to purchase or not to purchase a certain item. If you believe customers aren't concerned about environmental issues or won't pay a premium for products which are more eco-responsible, think again. Essay Samples about Green Marketing - Dead or Alive? Furthermore, future marketing and advertising managers often pursue and finish an internship while in school. It's correct that one of the tougher things to teach is the way to do library research because a specific quantity of serendipity is often involved. Today, organizatio ns are facing a variety of issues. The phase of the business's development is another determining factor. The Honest to Goodness Truth on Essay Samples about Green Marketing Essays might be lightly modified for readability or to defend the anonymity of contributors, but we don't edit essay examples before publication. Absolutely free Environmental Sustainability essay samples can be found FreeEssayHelp with no payment or registration. Reading example essays works precisely the same way! Paper surveys also go against your objective of becoming more green. The Characteristics of Essay Samples about Green Marketing A carbon footprint is the environmental effects of someone or a business enterprise. Therefore, it's important to encourage people to safeguard the surroundings through all means possible. The increase in the range of vehicles on the road was identified among the more important sources of environmental pollution due to carbon emissions generated by the burning of f uel. Last, international houses utilize green selling to reduce the level of pollution in Earth. In the end, marketers must make certain that green products are being delivered to the perfect markets. It's also important to understand what consumers have perceptions about the companies inclination to the environment friendly practices in the marketplace and also to understand what benefits they get by such practices. To begin with, green marketing must be business-wide. To understand the purchasing behaviour of consumers linked to green marketing. Green innovation is an integral part of the entrepreneurial advertising and marketing strategy, that has been developed over the last years to effectively achieve economic and societal objectives. What's more, green selling has its advantages and disadvantages. The green innovation strategy reflects the evolution of innovative green products and it's the most frequently employed strategy on the other side of the world. To understand the way the green advertising strategies are developed by different businesses. Furthermore, by marketing towards an older clientele base, a business will be targeting towards a group of people who already possesses a bigger quantity of revenue and financial stability. These solutions incorporate different techniques of communication and frequently offer an integrated CRM. They're Every company has its very own preferred advertising and marketing mix.

John Lennons Use of Writing in Lyrics Essay - 1674 Words

John Lennon, the late Beatle, and immortal Walrus, said, â€Å"I am he as you are he as you are me and we are all together. See how they run, like pigs from a gun, see how they fly-I’m crying.† And, the strangest thing about it is, after A Hard Day’s Night of typing this into my computer’s grammar checker, the program didn’t indicate a single error. Imagine, three decades before the age of the word processor, Lennon made his words Come Together. Think back to secondary school. What would many of your teacher’s reaction have been had you written what John Lennon did? I think I have an idea how some of my teachers might have reacted. I’d likely have been referred to the guidance counselor for drug counseling, and I’d have been sent home with†¦show more content†¦In fact, some went so far as to compare the work to poetry. Based upon what we perceived to be indicators of his social background, many of us may have felt pressure to be politically correct in our initial evaluation of John’s assignment. In her essay, â€Å"On the Subjects of Class and Gender in ‘The Literacy Papers’,† Linda Brodkey writes, â€Å"Since writers cannot avoid constructing a social and political reality in their texts, as teachers we need to learn how to ‘read’ the various relationships between writer, reader, and reality that language and discourse supposedly produce† (640). I believe the opinion was unanimous that his writing skills are poor and in serious need of attention. Therefore, based upon the vague parameters of the assignment and the fact that it was an initial paper in a remedial composition course, agreeing on a letter grade posed some problems for us. If you recall, there were those of us who were quite lenient in our assessment, and there were those who tended to grade the composition more strictly. I’ll add that even those who went easy on the assignment agreed that they would get tougher on John’s future writing. Brodkey adds, â€Å"The question then is how to read what students write. And at issue is the unquestioned power of a pedagogical authority that insists that teachers concentrate on form at the expense of content† (640). I suggest that the scenario posed by this student presents an ethical question: Is it fair to judgeShow MoreRelated`` Imagine `` By John Lennon : An Intellectual Or An Emotional Impact On Society1105 Words   |  5 PagesSome poets prefer to use specific form, style, and tone; however, others rejected the idea and simply wrote what they preferred. One demands simple things of a poem. A poem must have a meaning, an intellectual or an emotional impact on society, and some sort of rhythmic scheme. Today, is it easy to find poetry and poets everywhere. A very common place where poetry is found, but often overlooked, is in music. 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